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清华大学科学史系主任吴国盛：中国基础科学突破要摈弃功利主义科学观_我的网站

A |     UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson has come up with a plan to repurpose arable land which is at present used for crop-based biofuels so that more food might be grown as food prices and inflation soar.,However, officials of US President Joe Biden made it clear on 26 June that Washington wouldn't "okay" Johnson's initiative in a bid to protect American farmers and avoid breaking climate commitments. According to the British daily newspaper, The Daily Telegraph, Germany appears to back the British premier's plan whereas Canada and the US have rejected it. Johnson's plan needs the unanimous support from all G7 nations for it to fly.,"I think the rift is one that happens periodically between the UK and US - without minimizing the significance, there have been tensions on trade issues for some years now (including the tariffs imposed by the Trump administration on the UK). How serious it becomes is questionable," says Professor Robert Singh, specialist in contemporary US politics at the University of London's Birkbeck College.,UK on Collision Course With US as BoJo Set to Prioritize Food Production Over Green Energy06:06 GMT,Previously, Johnson and Biden clashed over Brexit customs issues and the Northern Ireland Protocol with the American president reportedly accusing the British premier of "inflaming" Irish tensions ahead of the 2021 G7 Summit in Cornwall.,Given the record of friction between Biden and Johnson, it appears likely that if the UK does legislate to revise the Northern Ireland Protocol (NIP), Washington will react negatively, Singh suggests. Downing Street has published a Bill proposing to change the protocol unilaterally in favor of British businesses and communities. It would also grant the British government powers to amend the agreement further if appropriate.,"It's possible that [the NIP amendment] could then inflame the trade issue further," says Singh. "[I]t will worsen the Johnson government's record, at a time when the cost of living crisis, inflation, and many other problems are piling up. It's probably, on balance, yet another own goal by Johnson - an unnecessary diplomatic row that was avoidable.",To complicate matters even more, Johnson skipped a climate summit hosted by Biden for world leaders earlier this month, despite 15 other heads of state and government attending the virtual gathering. According to Politico, the premier's absence "reverses a previous snub from Biden" who declined to attend a climate meeting Johnson hosted on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly in 2021.,Yet another diplomatic row rocked London and Washington after the UK issued licences to four British flagged vessels to fish for Patagonian toothfish - also known as Chilean seabass - near Antarctica. Earlier, a 26-member fishing regulatory body, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) set specific catch limits for the species. The US immediately accused Britain of breaching the commission's rules, rendering the catch illegal. The feud could lead to an import ban on Patagonian toothfish, according to the media.,Northern Ireland Protocol Used as Proxy in Tory Efforts to Unseat BoJo, Legal Expert Says14 June, 18:55 GMT,UK-US Spat Can be Fixed Quicker Than That Between UK and EU,The UK-US tensions are unlikely to lead to a serious breach in relations in the near future, insists Dr Roslyn Fuller, director of the non-profit think-tank Solonian Democracy Institute and the author of the book Beasts and Gods: How Democracy Changed Its Meaning and Lost Its Purpose.,"Johnson and Biden are both career politicians and will probably behave pragmatically," says Fuller. "Even were they to exaggerate their differences in the press to play to their respective electorate, this would be unlikely to affect their highly connected working relationship greatly.",Though the NIP issue could cause some additional tensions between the UK and the US, the nations are likely to solve relatively minor dilemmas, such as the spat over the toothfish catch, according to the author.,"As the two major English-speaking powers and neoliberal nations that have cooperated intensely on military matters in the past, it would be quite stupid on their part to indulge in any serious in-fighting," she says. "I think the US is paying increasing attention to Germany as the remaining European superpower, but that doesn't necessarily have to come at the expense of the British.",However, when it comes to the UK and the EU, the rift between them indeed appears to be deepening, according to Fuller:,"Britain also obviously lost faith in the EU and its regulatory regime, and clearly wants to go its own way to the extent that it can," the author says. "This is thus an example of increasing global fragmentation."。    中新网上海8月20日电 “功利主义的科学观，是制约中国基础科学突破的深层原因”，清华大学科学史系主任吴国盛教授日前在《科学乃自由之路》新书分享会上如是说。                   吴国盛教授在分享会现场。　主办方供图          　　“科学≠技术？我们一起聊聊科学的‘真面目’”——《科学乃自由之路》新书分享会日前在上海举行，吴国盛教授围绕新书主题，就科学精神的起源与内涵、过去人们对科学的系统性误解，以及自由探索与基础科学的深远意义发表演讲，并与现场读者展开深入交流。         　　分享会上他首先指出，人们常将科学与技术混为一谈，习惯以“科技”并称，实际思考时却只关注技术而忽视科学。事实上，科学是追求真理的自由探索，技术则是实用性的应用。         　　他特别指出，现代技术的每一次革命都源于基础科学突破：人工智能基于Hinton的深度学习理论，计算机网络基于量子力学和数理逻辑，电力和化工则基于电磁学和化学。如果每次技术革命都依赖跟随西方，那么一旦遭遇技术封锁便会陷入被动。

B |          　　吴国盛表示，过去中国处于“追赶型”科技阶段，可以跟随其他国家学习。但如今中国已进入科技前沿，对科学本质的理解就变得极为尖锐和重要。

C |          　　在他看来，功利主义的科学观，正是制约中国基础科学突破的深层原因。吴教授强调，这不是能力问题而是观念问题。         　　吴国盛教授长期来坚持通过讲座和论坛向高校学生、社会大众普及科学史常识，敦促当代教育从体系设置上增强对科学精神与科学素养的培养规划。由商务印书馆推出的《科学乃自由之路》即是对这一长期工作的文字结集，分为演讲、访谈、短长书三个部分，以期用趣味性和论理性兼具的言说，增进读者对科学精神的重视。全书文字轻快富有趣味，引据严谨、论理深入，穿插多个科学史上的有趣故事，阐述了对科学精神深入人心的展望。(完)                【编辑:曹子健】。

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